Pros and cons of acquiring Antigua and Barbuda citizenship

According to Russian laws, every child born in the Russian Federation and having one parent who is a Russian citizen automatically becomes a citizen of the Russian Federation. Difficulties arise for representatives of other states; the procedure for acquiring Russian citizenship cannot be called easy. This is a long and labor-intensive process.

Innovations for 2021

On December 28, 2021, the State Duma approved amendments to the Federal Law on Citizenship. All innovations come into force on March 29, 2021. Initially, the new law was expected to provide significant simplifications for Ukrainians to obtain Russian citizenship. However, the innovations affected several important decisions:

The procedure for obtaining Russian citizenship by compatriots is being simplified

Compatriots are understood as foreign citizens taking part in the state program for the resettlement of compatriots. From March 29, 2021, they can apply for citizenship not only at the place of official registration, but also at the place of actual residence.

Previously, it was possible to apply for Russian citizenship if you had a certificate of participation in the state resettlement program, a temporary residence permit, and registration under a temporary residence permit. Now registration under a temporary residence permit has become optional, and to contact the migration authority you must have registration (migration registration) in hand.

Thanks to the new rules, the procedure for obtaining citizenship by compatriots will be much faster.

Simplification of the procedure for obtaining citizenship for certain categories

This point is still the most difficult and incomprehensible. According to the amendments adopted by the State Duma, the President of the Russian Federation receives the right to independently determine the categories of foreign citizens and stateless persons who have the right to a simplified procedure for obtaining Russian citizenship.

So far, the President has not established a list of categories of applicants subject to simplification. However, it is expected that by the end of 2021, relaxations will be made for foreigners who have received temporary asylum in Russia, as well as Ukrainian citizens living in the territory of the DPR and LPR.

Is dual citizenship beneficial?

Is it good or bad to have dual citizenship? Hard to say. On the one hand, being a citizen of two countries at once, a law-abiding person must fulfill his duties to both countries. For example, he would have to serve in two armies if compulsory military service takes place in both states. Or pay taxes twice. But usually, if no one monitors the strict implementation of the law, this does not happen. A young man who has citizenship of, say, the United States, where there is no compulsory military service, can take refuge overseas from performing military service in Russia, of which he is also a citizen. Plus, though!

1. By birth. In some countries, a person born in the territory of a given country acquires its citizenship. This rule, for example, exists in the USA. In the 1990s, for example, there was an American ship in the port of Odessa, which was equipped with a maternity hospital. For a certain amount, pregnant women were assigned to this floating maternity hospital, which, according to all the rules, was located in the United States. Newborns were given the opportunity to become US citizens. The corresponding paper, signed by the on-board doctor and the captain of the ship, confirmed this right.

Advantages of obtaining Russian citizenship

Upon receiving the status of a citizen of the Russian Federation, a person has the right:

officially work in Russian companies;
receive all social benefits established for him and have other benefits;
participate in elections at both the regional and federal levels;
use free medical services;
receive free education (children can attend kindergartens, schools, universities and other educational institutions). Citizenship can be obtained by birth or by adoption. The first option implies that at least one of the parents is Russian, and the baby himself was born in Russia. The second option is a difficult and lengthy path, although some categories of foreigners have the right to count on rapid acquisition of Russian citizenship.

Russian citizenship provides many advantages

The problem of dual citizenship

To get a more complete understanding of dual citizenship, it is necessary to understand how this issue is resolved in other states. Although bipatrism is not recognized by some states, this institution is recognized by the world community, and three different approaches to this phenomenon can be distinguished:

The connection between a person and the state is ensured by citizenship. Thanks to citizenship, a person enjoys the right to protect his rights and interests both in his country and abroad. However, the process of globalization makes the borders between states more and more transparent, and people mobile, as a result of which one of the most pressing problems of the institution of citizenship appears - dual citizenship or bipatrism. The relevance of this problem is ensured by a number of unresolved issues in social, ethical and other spheres.

Grounds for obtaining Russian citizenship

You can obtain Russian citizenship if a foreigner:

Born in Russia. If a person has renounced Russian citizenship in the past, he also has the right to restore his Russian passport under an accelerated program in the future.
He is a native speaker of Russian.
Has close relatives in the Russian Federation. Spouses, children and parents of Russian citizens can reunite with their family.
Has a profession in demand. Highly qualified specialists are needed in Russia; such persons receive a passport in an expedited manner.
Lived in the Russian Federation for more than 5 years, has a stable income.
He was a former citizen of the USSR and had a passport of the Soviet Union.
He received higher education in the Russian Federation and officially works in Russia.

The candidate will have to fulfill the established requirements that apply to all migrants. Every foreigner applying must be an adult and have legal capacity. Must not have a criminal record or be under investigation. In addition, you will have to renounce your previous citizenship. The last requirement does not apply to citizens of Turkmenistan, since an agreement on dual citizenship has been concluded with this state.

Negative aspects of obtaining dual citizenship

Dual citizenship in international law is regulated mainly by the legislation of independent states and agreements between them. Since 1930, no new international documents regulating this status have been adopted.

Prevention of dual citizenship

the obligation of persons with dual citizenship to bear double obligations provided for by each state (primarily this concerns the payment of taxes and military service);
existence of liability for concealing the status of a person with dual citizenship;
the problem of determining the citizenship of children.

Dual citizenship is the ability to have two citizenships with the permission of the state. A bipatrid is a person with multiple citizenship. For example, such an agreement on citizenship was concluded between Russia, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan (Turkmenistan terminated the agreement in 2021). This article will describe in detail in which countries multiple citizenship is possible, as well as the pros and cons of dual citizenship.

Citizenship of the Russian Federation in general

According to the general program for acquiring Russian citizenship, a migrant must live in Russia for at least 5 years and have a regular income. You will have to go through a lengthy procedure consisting of several stages:

Cross the border of the Russian Federation. Depending on the country of citizenship, the migrant must present a visa, international passport or national passport at the border. Upon entry, a foreigner fills out a migration card and goes through all the necessary border procedures.
Within 7 days, notify the Main Directorate for Migration and Migration of your arrival and register.
Prepare the necessary documents and obtain a temporary residence permit. The paper is issued for 3 years, there is no possibility of extension. There is a quota system in place. After issuing a temporary residence permit, the migrant is required to register.
Get a residence permit. The document is issued for 5 years and can be extended if necessary. The number of extensions is not limited.
Renounce previous citizenship.
Prepare the necessary package of documentation and submit an application for acquisition of Russian citizenship to the Main Directorate for Migration.

Before obtaining citizenship, a foreigner lives in Russia for several years with a residence permit

The procedure is very lengthy and complex. At each stage, a foreigner faces difficulties, collecting the necessary documentation and visiting the migration service. If the application is accepted, the foreigner will know the answer within a year. It is during this period that the issue of assigning the status of a Russian citizen to a migrant is considered. But refusal is also possible.

Consequences of dual citizenship

The positive consequences of dual citizenship include:

additional guarantees regarding individual rights and freedoms;
certain benefits regarding the right of residence in several states, the right of return, the possibility of maintaining citizenship in marriage between foreigners;
the state accepts a person with dual citizenship more easily than a foreign citizen, while the state of origin maintains a connection with its citizen without losing him forever;
the presence of a large number of people with dual citizenship can provoke an intensification of ties between states.

The negative consequences of dual citizenship include:

dual citizenship creates additional responsibilities for a citizen;
persons with dual citizenship have truncated rights related to diplomatic protection;
in relation to people with dual citizenship, difficulties often arise in the field of interstate relations;
for any state, persons with dual citizenship are considered insufficiently loyal;
For international relations, dual citizenship can generate significant contradictions between international and bilateral agreements on dual citizenship.

Remark 1
It can be concluded that dual citizenship may be beneficial for the individual, but not for the state that faces it. In this case, the interests of an individual do not always coincide with the interests of the state. The exception is countries whose compatriots are scattered throughout the world. With dual citizenship among citizens of the country, it has less leverage over an individual; in addition, there is a certain risk for the security of the state.

Will such a person have a pension?

The pension issue must be resolved depending on the country of residence and the existence of a pension agreement between the Russian Federation and the country where the person has a second citizenship. Pension agreements can be structured on a territorial basis. These are, for example, agreements between the Russian Federation and Armenia, Belarus, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Georgia or on the principle of proportionality. In the latter case, it is taken into account how long the person worked in a particular country. The Russian Federation has such agreements with Spain, Bulgaria and Estonia.

If a Russian with a second citizenship permanently resides and is registered in the Russian Federation, he receives a pension as usual and does not bear additional risks.

According to the agreement, which is based on the territorial principle, a Russian with a second citizenship can count on receiving a pension only under the laws of the state of permanent residence. If the agreement has the principle of proportionality, then, as a general rule, each state assigns a pension according to its own laws. Work experience in each country also matters.

In the absence of a pension agreement with the country of second citizenship, a citizen has the right to apply for a pension in the Russian Federation, but only subject to compliance with mandatory conditions: the presence of insurance coverage, reaching retirement age, etc. The application for a pension is submitted to the Pension Fund.

Will the benefits continue?

All benefits and social guarantees provided for by Russian legislation are provided to a citizen on a general basis under the conditions of permanent registration in the Russian Federation. For example, having multiple citizenships does not affect the amount of subsidies for housing and communal services or benefits for major repairs.

How to pay taxes

When paying taxes, it is not the presence of a second citizenship that matters more, but the status of a resident or non-resident.

If a person lives outside Russian territory for more than 183 days, then he loses the status of a Russian tax resident, and an increased tax rate is applied to his income. It is 30% instead of the standard personal income tax of 13%.

Non-residents pay taxes only on income from sources that have not been exempt from taxation. This is, for example, income from the rental of real estate, income from employment or from the provision of services under a contract. Also, if a non-resident of the Russian Federation decides to sell real estate in the Russian Federation, then on its sale he will pay tax at a rate of not 13%, but 30%. Also, non-residents are not entitled to tax deductions, and they cannot reduce taxes on income from the sale of an apartment.

The Tax Code contains a rule that a person who provides services abroad or receives a salary there does not pay personal income tax according to Russian laws.

Thus, Russian legislation allows for dual citizenship or passports of several states. The possibility of a complete ban on a second passport in the Russian Federation is regularly discussed, but for now Russians have the right to simultaneously obtain citizenship of several states. Russians must report the fact of receiving a foreign passport to the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs within 60 days.

Features of obtaining second citizenship in some countries

It is worth considering that in some countries second citizenship is not acceptable.

You cannot obtain a second citizenship in countries such as Belarus, India, Germany, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, China, Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Poland, Malta, Croatia, Japan and South Korea.

When obtaining Ukrainian citizenship, for example, a Russian must first renounce Russian citizenship. A passport of a citizen of Ukraine will be issued only after processing a request from the Russian embassy to leave the Russian Federation.

In the Republic of Belarus, “second” passports are not issued and there are no exceptions for citizens of the Russian Federation.

The German authorities imposed a ban on second citizenship. But in exceptional situations, you can get a second passport here. This right is given to children born in marriage to a German citizen. Exceptional circumstances that make passports from other countries possible are advanced age, serious illness, poor financial status (that is, citizens do not have the opportunity to leave the country to renounce another citizenship).

A US citizen passport is issued subject to certain conditions. For example, a person was born in the country, is a child of American citizens, or has resided in the United States for more than 5 years, and also has a valid permanent residence permit. After obtaining citizenship, you must take an oath of allegiance to the United States and register for military service. But if a US citizen does not permanently reside in the country, he will lose his status.

Kazakhstan

Among the countries that are most hostile to the institution of dual citizenship is Kazakhstan. The country's legislation excludes the possibility of citizens of this Central Asian state owning a passport other than the Kazakh one. If the country’s authorities become aware that a citizen of Kazakhstan has acquired another citizenship, the Kazakh passport automatically loses its validity. The state explains this radical approach to issues of dual citizenship with the desire to provide work and social protection, first of all, to its own citizens.

If a citizen of the Kazakh Republic has received a passport of another state and would not like to have problems with the law in Kazakhstan, he must, within three days, inform the immigration authorities of the country about the change in his status and surrender his passport as a citizen of Kazakhstan. The same applies to foreigners wishing to acquire citizenship of the Kyrgyz Republic: the condition for its granting is the renunciation of previous citizenship.

For violation of the immigration laws of Kazakhstan, sanctions are provided in the form of a fine, a ban on Kazakh citizenship for up to 5 years, and deportation from the country.

Among the countries that are most hostile to the institution of dual citizenship is Kazakhstan

Belarus

Another state where it is quite difficult to have dual citizenship is the former Soviet republic of Belarus. In accordance with the Constitution of the country, Belarus is a unitary state that provides for a single citizenship. If a foreigner wishes to accept BR citizenship, he will have to say goodbye to his previous citizenship. Belarusians intending to obtain another citizenship will most likely need to renounce their Belarusian citizenship, and this procedure can be quite lengthy and will require the applicant to diligently prepare many certificates.

As an exception, Belarusian citizenship is retained for children adopted by foreigners: in this case, the child can have two citizenships at the same time.

It is quite difficult to obtain dual citizenship in Belarus

Estonia

Estonian legislation prohibits having dual citizenship. On an individual basis, the country's authorities may consider the possibility of granting Estonian citizenship to those foreigners who have special services to the Estonian state, as well as to children of mixed marriages. Recently, proposals have increasingly been heard in the country's parliament to allow dual citizenship of Estonia with countries that share the same values with this Baltic state. According to legislators, such a measure will make it possible not to lose Estonian citizens of the country and will simplify the return to their homeland of Estonians living in other countries.

Estonian legislation prohibits having dual citizenship

Lithuania

The situation with dual citizenship in Lithuania is close to that in Estonia: the following can obtain the status of a citizen of the country without losing their previous citizenship:

persons who have rendered services to the State of Lithuania;
ethnic Lithuanians;
spouses of foreign citizens and children born in mixed marriages.

In all other cases, you must choose one citizenship.

I have a similar situation, only even more complicated. My child (5 years old) has TWO citizenships - Russia and Lithuania. I have Russian citizenship and we live in Moscow. We want to go on holiday to Corfu with our child, the father (he is a citizen of Lithuania) has drawn up a power of attorney for us to take the child from the Russian Federation to Greece and back to the Russian Federation. But I'm still afraid. It is clear that the child will have to show a Russian passport at Russian passport control, and a Lithuanian passport in Greek, right? That is, the child does not need to apply for a visa, just me (we are going through a travel agency, on a voucher)? But how will the Greeks react to the fact that a child, a citizen of Lithuania (for them, he will be a citizen of the European Union) travels with his mother, a citizen of Russia? It's all so complicated.

Only a limited number of applicants can obtain dual citizenship in Lithuania

Migrants from different countries, including from the post-Soviet space, who have been living outside their homeland for a long time, quite often come to the need to take on a second citizenship, leaving behind their previous one. The optimal situation in this case is the existence of an agreement on dual citizenship between countries, but this happens quite rarely and, as a rule, we are talking about second citizenship. Having two passports can significantly simplify the owner’s stay in both countries, expanding his opportunities for employment, receiving social assistance or seeking medical care. At the same time, dual (or second) citizenship also involves additional responsibilities related to the need to comply with the requirements of the laws of both countries.

Russian citizenship in a simplified manner

To obtain citizenship under the simplified program, the applicant must meet a number of requirements:

Have a residence permit, that is, be a permanent resident of the Russian Federation.
Obtain registration if the application is submitted to the Russian Federation.
Have an official income.
Renounce existing citizenship.
Know the language.

The level of language proficiency must be sufficient to understand oral and written speech. The requirement does not apply to disabled people (group 1), incapacitated people, men over 65 years of age and women over 60.

Without the obligatory receipt of a residence permit, the following may acquire citizenship:

WWII veterans who previously had a USSR passport;
participants of the State Resettlement Program;
persons who came to the Russian Federation from states that were formerly part of the USSR and received registration as of 07/01/2002.

Former citizens of the USSR have every reason to obtain a Russian passport under the accelerated program

To be able to obtain status under a simplified procedure, a foreigner must prove that he belongs to one of the categories of citizens:

Has a Russian parent residing in the Russian Federation on a permanent basis.
Previously, he had USSR citizenship, now lives or lived before in countries that were formerly part of the Soviet Union, did not receive their citizenship and remained stateless.
Previously had USSR citizenship, was born in the RSFSR.
Has been married to a Russian for at least 3 years.
Officially works, has minor Russian children.
Has a Russian child in a situation where the second Russian parent died, was deprived of his rights, became incapacitated, or was declared missing.
He has been working in the Russian Federation for 3 years; he received his education in Russia before July 1, 2002.
He is an individual entrepreneur who conducts legal activities in the Russian Federation. At the same time, annual revenue is over 10 million.
He has been working for 3 years and is a highly qualified specialist.
He received the status of a native speaker of Russian and lives permanently in the Russian Federation.

Dual citizenship benefits and difficulties by law

International law in documents. M., 1982.
"Kobiela i zycie", No. 49, 1985.
SU RSFSR, 1918, No. 31, Art. 405.
SU RSFSR, 1921, Ms 62, art. 437.
Gazette of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, 1978, No. 49, art. 816. Gazette of the Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR and the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, 1990, No. 23, art. 435.
Gazette of the Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation and the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation, 1992, No. 6, art. 243; 1993, No. 29, art. 1112.
Tishkov V. Russians outside Russia: myths and politics. Nezavisimaya Gazeta, January 20, 1994
Boyar Yu.R. Issues of citizenship in international law. M" "International Relations", 1986, p. 20.
Zlagopolsky D.L. State structure of the USSR. M" 1960, p. 259-261.
Gazette of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR: 1958, No. 4, art. 84; 1958, No. 9, art. 205, 209; 1958, No. 17, art. 289, 1958, No. 35, Art. 426.
Gazette of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR: 1966, No. 15, art. 225; 1967, No. 7, Art. 78; 1970, No. 6, Art. 50,1979, ^18, art. 331; 1981, No. 32, art. 950; 1984, No. 17, art. 284.
Gazette of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, 1981, No. 32, art. 950.
Vilkov G.E. USSR legislation and international agreements on citizenship issues. M., “International Relations”, 1964, p. 61.
"Izvestia", 1946, July 11.

Gaining the opportunity to enjoy all the rights existing in both states.
Free, unhindered travel across countries.
The opportunity to receive diplomatic support from both states at once in case of problems in a third country.
Subsidies, social payments, as well as doing business - all this is allowed in two states at the same time.
Any other benefits and advantages that the two states may provide.
You do not need to present a foreign passport when entering the country that gave you your second citizenship.

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Required Documentation

The migrant is required to prepare the necessary, properly executed documents when submitting the application. The absence of any paper or its non-compliance with the requirements leads to the return of the application and the entire package of documents.

To acquire citizenship, a migrant writes an application (two copies) on paper. Sample forms can be downloaded from the link on the Ministry of Internal Affairs website. The following must be submitted along with the application:

Foreigner's identity documents.
Certificates confirming the candidate’s place of residence.
Standard photographs (3 pcs.).
Receipt for payment of state duty.
Document confirming the change of surname (if there was such a fact).
Previously issued residence permit.
Certificate of Education.
Renunciation of previous citizenship.
For children (after 14 years of age), a consent with notarization and the consent of the second parent are prepared.
Certificate of language proficiency.
Medical certificate.

A certificate of knowledge of language, legislation and history must be issued by an accredited institution and in the form prescribed by law

You must provide originals and copies of documents. After accepting the documentation package, all originals remain with the applicant, the GUVM retains only copies.

Copies are certified by a notary, and the documents themselves are translated into Russian.

What is dual citizenship - its pros and cons

the obligation of persons with dual citizenship to bear double obligations provided for by each state (primarily this concerns the payment of taxes and military service);
existence of liability for concealing the status of a person with dual citizenship;
the problem of determining the citizenship of children.

For example, Art. 6 of the Law “On Citizenship,” which is called “Dual Citizenship,” regulates the procedure for notification of the relevant authority by a citizen of the Russian Federation about his citizenship of another state or residence permit.

Citizenship exam

One of the main requirements for migrants acquiring citizenship is a good knowledge of the state language. A foreigner must be fluent in Russian, which will allow him to communicate without problems at the everyday level. Only knowing the language will a migrant be able to fully integrate into Russian society, enter a university, and find a job.

Confirmation of language knowledge is a state certificate, which is issued after successfully passing the exam. Even those migrants who apply for a temporary residence permit, residence permit, or want to apply for a patent or work permit cannot do without knowledge of Russian.

The exam procedure changes frequently, but currently it looks like this:

reading - 45 minutes;
written exercises - 45 min.;
grammar tasks - 45 min.;
listening – 30 min.;
oral speech - 30 min.

The exam is divided into 5 parts, each with a certain time allocated. Questions are issued on a separate form. Before testing, detailed instructions are provided, which explains the rules for drawing up the form, filling it out, and the amount of time. It is better to ask any questions you have before the exam, otherwise no one will provide such an opportunity.

The form is filled out with a pen, the data is entered taking into account the rules of the language. It is prohibited to use technical means (phones, tablets, etc.) or reference literature.

The exam is considered successfully passed if the immigrant scores more than 65% in each of the 5 categories

You need to complete tasks exactly at the specified time. The exam is considered successful if an immigrant scores more than 65% in each category.

Not all categories of migrants are required to undergo testing. If a foreigner has a document confirming education received in the USSR or the Russian Federation, then he is exempt from taking the exam.

If the Russian language was studied in other countries, then the migrant will not be able to confirm his knowledge. Exceptions are states where Russian is recognized as the state language (Belarus). Persons applying for native speaker status also do not take an exam, but undergo an interview at the Main Directorate for Migration and Migration.

The following persons are exempt from the obligation to confirm language proficiency:

those who have reached retirement age;
minor children;
disabled;
disabled people of group 1.

Is dual citizenship acceptable for a Ukrainian citizen?

Unfortunately, the legislation establishes strict requirements in this regard. In Ukraine, you can only have a state passport, and you will have to bear responsibility for dual citizenship. However, everything is not so simple: this issue is controversial and not fully resolved. Can a citizen obtain a passport of Russia or another state while maintaining Ukrainian citizenship?

For an ordinary person, dual citizenship is the path to a prosperous life. Since becoming a subject of a developed state, he claims to receive various social benefits. For example, you can work in a country where conditions are more favorable when you are young, and move to a place where life is cheaper when you retire. If all benefits are preserved, then old age will be secure.

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Passing a medical commission to obtain Russian citizenship in 2021

One of the key documents on the basis of which a decision will be made to obtain Russian citizenship by a foreigner is a medical certificate. First of all, the migration authorities of the Russian Federation are interested in the applicant’s health status and the absence of serious diseases that have a high level of public danger.

That is why all foreigners who apply for Russian citizenship are required to undergo a medical examination. Applicants will have to undergo the following types of tests:

for AIDS (donate blood);
for syphilis and other venereal diseases (blood);
general blood analysis;
general urine analysis;
for the presence of psychotropic and narcotic substances;
fluorogram of the chest.

When passing a medical commission, you must follow the following rules:

The foreigner is required to personally attend the medical commission. If he does not speak Russian well, the presence of an interpreter is allowed.
The applicant is obliged to provide truthful and up-to-date information regarding his state of health and previous illnesses.
If, during a medical examination, a foreigner is diagnosed with diseases specified in the list of Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 188 of April 2, 2003, he is obliged to contact medical institutions for additional examination and treatment.
Before taking tests, you should strictly not use narcotic substances, psychotropic drugs or medications containing them. If, due to health conditions, a foreigner takes medications on an ongoing basis, he must notify in advance and provide documents confirming the prescription of the medicine by a doctor.

A foreign citizen will be denied Russian citizenship if a medical examination reveals dangerous diseases, including tuberculosis, leprosy, AIDS, drug addiction, and sexually transmitted diseases. In addition, in this situation, the foreigner will have all permits legalizing his stay on the territory of Russia revoked.

The problem of dual citizenship

If a Canadian citizen has problems of a legal or other nature while he is in another country, representatives of the Canadian diplomatic or consular service will try to help him. However, if this person is also a citizen of that country, then Canadian officials are unlikely to be able to help him, since he will be considered a citizen of that country, obliged to comply with its laws, especially if he is traveling on a passport of that country, and attempts at “outside foreign interference” are unlikely to meet with understanding. If a person goes to travel with two passports in hand at the same time - a Canadian one and a passport of the country of second citizenship, then this can lead to difficulties in some third country.

Typically, a person must obey the laws of the country in whose territory he is at that moment. According to the laws of this country, for example, citizens living in the country of their second citizenship can travel with only one passport - the passport of the country of their permanent residence. If a citizen is found to have a second passport, it may be confiscated and the citizen may be fined.

Russian citizenship by marriage

A common basis for obtaining citizenship through an accelerated procedure is marriage to a Russian. An important condition here is the spouses living together in Russia. The application is reviewed within 6 months. For comparison: the standard procedure takes one year.

You can obtain Russian citizenship by marriage in just 6 months

Marriage registration must be carried out at the registry office of the Russian Federation. Marriages concluded outside of Russia or under the laws of another state, as well as civil marriages, are not considered here without legalization under the laws of the Russian Federation. They cannot serve as grounds for acquiring citizenship on preferential terms.

You can apply for Russian citizenship after 3 years of marriage. The time interval is set at the legislative level; it is impossible to change this fact. This approach guarantees that the marriage is not fictitious and was not concluded only for registration of citizenship.

At the initial stage, the applicant goes through the standard legalization procedure: receives a temporary residence permit for a year, then a residence permit. There is one more advantage of obtaining status in this way: a temporary residence permit is issued outside the quota, which significantly simplifies the already complex legalization process.

Multiple and second citizenship

The government in Russia does not prohibit Russians from having two documents, but hiding this fact carries a separate responsibility. According to the law, the offender bears administrative or criminal liability for concealing his new status. You will have to pay about 1,000 rubles for providing false, incomplete or untimely information.

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Bipatrids in the Russian Federation. Essay Dual citizenship: pros and cons for citizens

Russian nationals who have another identity card from another country are considered, according to the law of the Russian Federation, to be Russian citizens. Russia, without concluding an agreement, does not recognize the citizenship of another power and considers such citizens to be Russian residents. But at the same time, the Russian Federation does not prohibit Russians from accepting second citizenship of another country. These are the pros and cons of dual citizenship in Russia.

It is known that second citizenship is not always used within the law. There have been cases where criminals escaped punishment in one country by hiding in another. There may also be an incorrect procedure for processing documents for residents of border zones.

Citizenship for minors

When a baby is born in a family where both parents are citizens of the Russian Federation, no difficulties arise in obtaining civil status for the child. They need to obtain a birth certificate for the baby and contact the Ministry of Internal Affairs with an application. Parents will be required to provide passport information as proof of citizenship.

The birth certificate will be stamped with citizenship. If a child was born outside the territory of Russia, the procedure for accepting civil status will be carried out at diplomatic missions of the Russian Federation abroad.

If one of the child’s parents is a foreign citizen or a person without civil status, the registration of citizenship for the newborn will follow a different procedure. A foreign parent will have to draw up and notarize a consent for his child to become a Russian citizen.

If both parents are foreign citizens, but have applied for civil status in Russia, their newborn child will acquire citizenship from the moment of birth.

In the event that the parents cannot make an agreed decision on the issue of citizenship of the newborn, the provisions specified in Article 41 of the Federal Law “On Citizenship of the Russian Federation” come into force. It states here that disputes regarding issues of civil status can be resolved in the courts. At the same time, when making a verdict, the judge must first of all focus on the interests of the minor.

Dual citizenship essay

Children of “dual citizens” also automatically receive documents from both countries at birth. In other cases, it makes sense to talk about second citizenship. People who additionally have citizenship of any other country with which Russia has not signed special treaties (and this is the majority of countries in the world) are considered by Russian legislation only as citizens of the Russian Federation. Second citizenship in this case has no meaning and no legal force on the territory of Russia: being here, you will not have any advantages. Lawyers call this situation a legal vacuum.

a person holding the citizenship of the Russian Federation was not recognized as belonging to the citizenship of another state, unless otherwise provided for by an international treaty of the Russian Federation; 2) a citizen of the Russian Federation could be allowed, at his request, to simultaneously have the citizenship of another state with which there was a corresponding agreement of the Russian Federation; 3) acquisition of dual citizenship by a citizen of the Russian Federation, subject to the conditions provided by law, did not change his legal status.

Obtaining Russian citizenship by native speakers

There are categories of foreign guests who have some privileges when obtaining Russian citizenship. This includes native speakers, HQS, refugees and those granted asylum, and participants in the State Resettlement Program.

According to a simplified scheme, persons recognized as native speakers are entitled to receive status. Simplified legalization is expressed in the minimum time frame for reviewing an application and making a decision on it.

A native speaker is a person who uses Russian in conversation, provided that the foreigner himself or his relatives lived on the lands of the Russian Empire or the USSR.

Designated persons are required to have the highest level 4 language proficiency. An application for obtaining status is submitted to the Main Directorate for Migration. If a candidate is not recognized as a native speaker, he has the right to apply again after 12 months. The status itself is also valid for 12 months, during which time you need to acquire citizenship.

Assessment of the knowledge of native Russian speakers is carried out in the form of an interview

The general requirements for foreigners recognized as native speakers and wishing to acquire citizenship are as follows:

the person undertakes to comply with the laws of the Russian Federation;
the migrant has legal income;
the foreigner renounces his previous citizenship.

There are exceptions to the last point, and there is no need to renounce citizenship if this is permitted by international agreements. Or in situations where a foreigner is not able to do this for reasons that do not depend on him.

The procedure for assigning native speaker status is carried out by a special commission at the Main Directorate for Migration and Migration, to which the candidate applies. This looks like a regular interview, but its format is regulated by local authorities, who set their own rules and requirements.

The purpose of the interview is to assess:

the applicant’s ability to understand any texts on various topics, including professional, philosophical, technical, cultural, journalistic and others;
free perception of cultural, social, emotional nuances of speech;
ability to convey information to an interlocutor;
mastery of grammatical, syntactic and semantic speech systems.

Video: Obtaining Russian citizenship for native speakers can be simplified

Benefits of Dual Citizenship

In turn, the citizen assumes the responsibility to unquestioningly comply with the laws and regulations of the state. Foreigners and stateless persons can live calmly (or not so calmly) on the territory of this state, taking advantage of its protection, but in a “reduced” form.

Duration of consideration of an application for Russian citizenship

The time frame for obtaining citizenship depends on the procedure and grounds for its acquisition. In the general regime, this period is one year from the date of receipt of the application and the necessary documents. The decision on granting citizenship is made by the President of Russia.

If a migrant undergoes the procedure for acquiring citizenship according to a simplified scheme, this period is reduced to 6 months. There are exceptions to this rule, and a migrant can become the owner of a Russian passport within 3 months from the date of receipt of the application and necessary papers if he is:

native speaker;
participant of the State Resettlement Program.

Officials must inform the candidate within 30 days:

after making a decision;
issuing a decree of the President of the Russian Federation on granting citizenship to a foreigner.

Information is provided by sending a written message to the applicant. After receiving such notification, a foreigner and children over 14 years of age must apply to the Main Directorate for Migration and Migration with an application for the issuance of a Russian passport.

The maximum period for consideration of an application for acquisition of Russian citizenship is one year.

If a child under 14 years of age has become a citizen of the Russian Federation, then this fact is recorded in the documents of his parents who have received or have Russian citizenship. The fact of obtaining citizenship is also noted on the form of the birth certificate.

If citizenship was obtained outside the Russian Federation, that is, by applying to the Russian diplomatic mission, then the fact of joining the ranks of citizens of the Russian Federation is confirmed by the issuance of a foreign passport.

The indicated periods are maximum. This means that officials must make a decision and carry out all the necessary procedures strictly within this time frame.

The problem of dual citizenship

But if an international treaty has not been concluded between countries, then service in the army of another state entails exemption from service in the armed forces of the Russian Federation in accordance with subparagraph “d” 1 of Article 23 of the Federal Law “On Military Duty and Military Service”.

But despite all the positive aspects of dual citizenship given above, as well as the recognition of dual citizenship as a democratic legal institution that meets the principle of the supremacy of human rights and freedoms, there are a huge number of unresolved problems that call into question the need to introduce the institution of dual citizenship in the Russian Federation.

Double citizenship

A Russian has the right to acquire citizenship of another country. The laws of the Russian Federation do not provide for restrictions that prevent this circumstance. Dual citizenship is not prohibited, but its acceptance is not encouraged. It is not the fact itself that is denied, but only the legal consequences arising from this situation.

Often, obtaining a second passport is a consequence of the peculiarities of the laws of other countries. For example, by law of the land (birth), citizenship is automatically assigned to a child born in the United States or Brazil, even if his parents have citizenship in another state. In Russia, a child can become a citizen only by right of blood, if at least one of his parents is Russian. If a situation arises when a Russian child is born in the United States, he will have two legal citizenships at once: Russian and American.

Dual citizenship is not prohibited in Russia, but this fact is not encouraged

Accepting citizenship of another state expands human rights, but at the same time the person is given additional responsibilities: paying taxes, performing military service, and so on.

Officially, the Russian Federation has signed an international agreement on the recognition of dual citizenship only with Tajikistan. It regulates all legal issues relating to persons holding citizenship of both countries at the same time. In other cases, a person is not immune from legal incidents, for example, double taxation.

There are two more important points. Firstly, obtaining a second citizenship in no way deprives a Russian citizen of citizenship. He does not pay fines, nor are any sanctions imposed on him.

Secondly, in the right field there is a clear division between the concepts of “dual citizenship” and “two citizenships”. The first term is correctly applied to Russians who have received citizenship of Tajikistan, that is, a country with which there are international agreements. “Dual citizenship” is used when talking about persons who have acquired citizenship of countries with which there are no such agreements.

The concept of dual citizenship

Dual citizenship predetermines the essence of the state and legal policy of the state in the field of citizenship.
In domestic law, dual citizenship, according to the established tradition during the USSR, is considered primarily as a conflict of laws and undesirable phenomenon. Although the Constitution of the Russian Federation dated December 12, 1993 introduced a norm recognizing dual citizenship.

According to Part $1$ of Article $62$ of our Constitution, a citizen of Russia may have citizenship of a foreign state, i.e. dual citizenship, in accordance with an international treaty of the Russian Federation or federal law

Dual citizenship is a specific political and legal status of an individual, in which he simultaneously possesses the citizenship of more than one foreign state.

Russian citizenship for Belarusians

Close ties between the Russian Federation and Belarus and the peculiarities of the international politics of these countries made it possible for Belarusians to obtain citizenship under a simplified scheme. The expedited procedure includes the following:

citizens of the Republic of Belarus do not need to reside in the Russian Federation for 5 years;
the decision to assign status is made by the GUVM department, and not by the president, which in itself significantly reduces the time it takes to obtain a passport;
The period for consideration of the issue of assigning status is 3 months, and not one year (as under the general procedure).

When applying, a Belarusian will need to provide an application and a full package of documents.

Russia and Belarus are friendly countries, therefore an agreement has been concluded between them on a simplified procedure for obtaining citizenship

What are the pros and cons of dual citizenship: opinions

“In addition, international regulations state that no one can be arbitrarily deprived of citizenship. That is, obtaining a second citizenship should not lead to the loss of the first. In the field of citizenship, certain unified approaches, a kind of “standards”, are emerging in international law. For several years now, humanity has been witnessing the emergence of a new type of citizenship - citizenship within the framework of two integration entities - the European Union and the Union State of Belarus and Russia. In any case, the mutual integration of countries is inevitable - this is a global trend, and dual citizenship will provide a real opportunity for many Ukrainian citizens to live, study and work abroad; our integration into the world space will be natural and will provide additional opportunities and the right to choose. Considering the above, it should be noted that in our rapidly developing and dynamic world, where everything is changing quickly, obtaining a second citizenship is an excellent investment in your future. Such a step will help save time and money, as well as get rid of many unnecessary worries,” summarizes Mirimsky.

10 years after Putin and Yanukovych unanimously offered Ukraine dual citizenship with Russia and Yanukovych even won the presidential election (although he lost both), only the regional politician Mirimsky had the courage to raise the issue again. And all these regionalists and communists diligently remained silent for ten years with all their millions of troops. No matter how Mirimsky and his colleagues were treated in Ukraine, he did something brave and fair, ahead of not only Yanukovych, but also Putin, who also surprisingly forgot about the dual citizenship of his relatives, following Yanukovych.

25 Jul 2021 jurist7sib 185

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Russian citizenship for Ukrainians

Obtaining Russian citizenship by persons from Ukraine is currently very important due to the internal socio-political crisis that has been ongoing for more than one year. Ukrainians have two ways to become holders of a Russian passport: in a general or simplified manner. Also, residents of this country can submit an application both to the Russian consulate and directly on the territory of the Russian Federation.

Obtaining status at the Russian diplomatic mission located in Ukraine is a quick, simple and least expensive procedure. This is due to the fact that there is no need to travel to a neighboring state, obtain a temporary residence permit, residence permit, or registration. All you need is a documentation package. However, not all Ukrainians can apply for a Russian passport in this way, but only a small category of citizens:

having a Russian parent living in the Russian Federation;
who are children whose parent (guardian, trustee) has Russian citizenship;
who previously had USSR citizenship, lived in countries that were part of the USSR, are located in Ukraine and are stateless.

All other persons apply to the Main Directorate for Migration Affairs of the Russian Federation regarding the assignment of citizenship.

Ukrainians can take part in the State Resettlement Program or obtain native speaker status, which will allow them to obtain a passport at a preferential rate and in a short time.

Dual citizenship essay

Citizens of the Russian Federation who have reached the age of 18, speak the state language of the Russian Federation and meet the qualification requirements established by Federal Law No. 79-FZ of July 27, 2004 have the right to enter the state civil service (hereinafter referred to as the civil service).

In light of the statement by centrist leader and head of government Jüri Ratas on how to solve the problem of statelessness, and the heated controversy that followed, MK-Estonia asked Hanno Pevkur (Reform Party) to answer several questions. Do you agree that the old naturalization policy has essentially failed, and the number of non-citizens is declining mainly naturally because people are dying? Are 82,000 gray passport holders a problem for Estonia or not? “Non-citizens have always had the opportunity to obtain Estonian citizenship.

Deprivation of Russian citizenship

The laws of the Russian Federation provide for the termination of citizenship in several cases:

voluntary renunciation of citizenship;
the option procedure - changing citizenship, that is, moving to another state;
reversal of the decision on conferring citizenship;
adoption of citizenship of parents, guardians, adoptive parents.

Violation of the legislation of the Russian Federation may lead to the cancellation of the decision to assign the status of a citizen of Russia

A simplified or general exit procedure is possible. The choice of scheme depends on the specific case. According to a simplified procedure, deprivation of citizenship status is possible in the following situations:

renunciation of citizenship due to permanent residence in another country;
refusal of a child whose parents are citizens of another state.

The procedure for termination of citizenship in these situations is handled by the migration service.

If the exit occurs on a voluntary basis, then the citizen must send an application addressed to the President of the Russian Federation. It will not be possible to renounce citizenship if there is any debt to the state or unfulfilled obligations.

A Russian citizen may be deprived of citizenship due to providing false information or forged documents during the registration of a passport. The fact is established in court. The president is responsible for canceling the decision to grant Russian citizenship.

Benefits of Dual Citizenship

Baklanov is 44 years old, and has served in Greece for up to 45 years. It was not possible to “slope” based on age. “Then I began to press the order of the Russian Minister of Defense N400, agreed upon with the countries of the European Union,” continues Andrei Baklanov. — This document states that a person who has served in the army of one country is exempt from serving in another. A representative of the Greek Ministry of Defense told me that he absolutely agreed with the minister’s order, but he had not seen any papers about my service in Russia.”

Baklanov's documents were confiscated and it was announced that he was under house arrest until the issue on the merits was resolved. At this time, Baklanov is preparing in his villa for three months of service in the Greek army as a private. “You know, I’ve already calmed down. By the way, you feel, if not brotherhood, then equality, for which you have to sacrifice a little freedom. At the same time I’ll remember my youth, it’s interesting. At one time he studied at a military engineering school, and then served for another two years. There will be something to compare after a quarter of a century.”

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Reinstatement of Russian citizenship

One of the alternative ways to obtain citizenship is its restoration. It is clear that only foreigners who once already had a Russian passport, but for some reason lost it, will be able to take advantage of this opportunity.

The procedure for restoring citizenship is distinguished by benefits and privileges. Applicants have the right to submit an application after 3 years of living in the Russian Federation with a residence permit. Under the standard procedure, this is permissible only after 5 years.

It is possible to re-obtain Russian citizenship in the following situations:

the child’s citizenship was revoked due to the fact that his parents took citizenship of another country (that is, the minor received a new citizenship automatically);
The child's citizenship was changed when foreign citizens took him into custody.

Candidates are required to fulfill a number of requirements of Russian legislation, have a legal permanent income, and respect the rights of other citizens. If there are grounds for restoration of status, the process itself proceeds extremely quickly.

Benefits of dual citizenship

bis- twice and Greek. -πατρίς, genitive case πατρίδος - fatherland. and the Republic of Tajikistan on the settlement of issues of dual citizenship dated September 7, 1995, it is established that if a person, . benefits of dual citizenshipSecond/dual citizenship: how to get a second passport and what is a second one. passport, if in his country the taxes levied outweigh the benefits and risks received. Contact us to obtain dual citizenship.

August 16, 2021. The issue of dual citizenship is periodically raised in our country, moreover, by forces of different scale and political. benefits of dual citizenshipThe essence and reasons for the emergence of dual citizenship. Dual or multiple citizenship is the legal status of a person in which he...

Pros of dual citizenship

The holder of this status has significant opportunities:

Movement between and within the 2 states is carried out without any hindrance, free entry is allowed into territories with which each country has relevant agreements. There is no need to obtain or present special documents.
Rights and freedoms are fully realized. For example, he can take part in national elections in both countries as a voter.
In the country chosen by a binational for permanent residence, he has access to benefits for running a domestic business, pensions, subsidies and subsidies provided for by law.
It is possible to benefit from the diplomatic support of both states while in the third and choose the country for international proceedings.
Children, if at least one of the parents is binational, automatically receive this status. Having reached adulthood, they can choose either citizenship or both at the same time.
There is no problem of double taxation. Taxes are paid to the treasury of the state of residence.
Military service is served only in the country where the citizen lives. He cannot be drafted into the army in the second state.
The right to residence and property in each country is retained. In this case, property disputes are resolved on the basis of the legislation of the state in which the bipatrid permanently resides.

The advantages of dual citizenship contribute to the growth of its demand.

Pros and cons of acquiring Antigua and Barbuda citizenship

Obtaining dual citizenship in Antigua and Barbuda has its pros and cons. The first to be appreciated are wealthy people who need an offshore haven. The latter can become an obstacle for those who do not have enough savings.

Pros of obtaining Antigua and Barbuda citizenship and passport

So, let's start with the positives. The second passport, issued by the authorities of Antigua and Barbuda, is a pass to the world, giving the right to visa-free entry into more than 120 countries, including mainland Schengen countries, the UK, African and Latin American countries.

Obtaining an Antigua and Barbuda passport is an investment. You will have to make a contribution to the National Development Fund, invest in a business or purchase real estate. All these schemes are periodically subject to promotional discounts initiated by the government of the country.

Already a month after depositing the required amount, your Antigua and Barbuda passport will be in your hands. The application of the citizenship applicant, in which he can include his spouse and dependents - children and parents, is also processed quickly - the waiting period does not exceed three months.

The main advantage is a loyal tax system. You will not have to pay taxes on income earned outside the country. The financial activities of foreign investors are confidential.

You do not need to live in the country permanently. During the five years of validity of the passport (then it is easy to renew), it is enough to spend 35 days in Antigua and Barbuda. This is very convenient for those who seek to obtain citizenship for purely tax reasons.

Disadvantages of obtaining Antigua and Barbuda citizenship and passport

There are also disadvantages. They are not so serious, but, again, for wealthy people. Firstly, the money itself. Investing in the country's economy will require large sums. For example: the minimum cost of a property that can be purchased to acquire citizenship is $400 thousand.

All procedures regarding each family member are accompanied by the payment of special fees, including a mandatory and very serious criminal background check.

The country's remoteness from Europe may become an inconvenience for those whose business interests are related to moving around the Schengen zone. However, the disadvantages of applying for an Antigua and Barbuda passport are limited to the listed disadvantages.

The opportunity to live in an exotic country with a mild tropical climate, tax freedom and open access to all countries of the world, including to receive a quality education, compensates them in full.

The AAAA ADVISER company will help you become a participant in investment projects in countries that are interested in the entry of financially independent persons. AAAA ADVISER is a licensed agent of official citizenship programs based on migrant investment. With us you will receive help and expert advice on all issues of obtaining a residence permit or Citizenship by Investment.

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The problem of dual citizenship

This situation arises when the acquisition of a new citizenship allows for the possibility of maintaining the previous one, as well as in cases where a person has not fulfilled the necessary requirements associated with leaving the previous citizenship before receiving a new one.

The most important prerequisite for the state's obligation to fully protect the rights and freedoms of the individual enshrined in the constitution is citizenship. Citizenship is understood as the legal affiliation of a person to a given state, i.e., recognition by the state of this person as a full-fledged subject of constitutional and legal relations [1].

Problems of dual citizenship

For example, a child born to foreign parents on the territory of a state where the “law of the soil” applies automatically becomes a binational, receiving the citizenship of this state and the citizenship of his parents. A child can obtain another citizenship if he is adopted by a foreign citizen or, for example, a woman, marrying a foreigner, can acquire the citizenship of the state of which her husband is a citizen, if, in accordance with its law, “the wife must follow the citizenship of her husband” . But the emergence of dual citizenship gives rise to many problems both for the binational citizen and for the states of which he is a citizen. Each state that considers a binational person only its citizen (subject) requires him to fulfill the duties provided for by its legislation, for example, military service.

On August 4, 2021, the Russian Federation adopted Federal Law No. 142 “On Amendments to Articles 6 and 30 of the Federal Law “On Citizenship of the Russian Federation” [2]. and certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation. Following the provisions of this law, citizens of the Russian Federation over the age of 18 who, as of August 4, 2021, had citizenship of a foreign state or a residence permit or other valid document confirming the right to permanent residence in a foreign state, are required to submit a notification to the migration authorities not later than October 2, 2021 (inclusive). Legal representatives of citizens of the Russian Federation who have not reached the age of 18 or have limited legal capacity as of August 4, 2021, who have foreign citizenship or the right to permanent residence in a foreign state, must also submit notifications by October 2.