There are traditionally a large number of Uzbeks among labor migrants coming to Russia: as of February 2021, one and a half million citizens of this country crossed the border. The economic crisis, devaluation of the ruble and tightening of legislative norms for foreigners have not become an obstacle to migration flows from Central Asia. As statistics show, work for citizens of Uzbekistan in Russia is, first of all, an opportunity to earn money: they transferred 2.7 billion dollars to their homeland in 2021. More and more migrants want to get a job legally. What is needed for that?
Peculiarities of labor of foreigners in Russia
According to the law, residents of other states who arrived in the territory of the Russian Federation can work according to their abilities and professional skills. To do this, you need to collect a set of permits and register with the migration authorities.
More and more entrepreneurs are thinking about how to hire a citizen of Uzbekistan with a residence permit, because the list of necessary procedures is being reduced (for example, there is no need to register with the migration authorities as an employer); When employing citizens with this obligation, this obligation is relevant for the employer, since foreigners with such a legal status can only work under a patent.
The registration procedure, the specifics of migrant labor and other nuances are regulated by the Law “” of July 25, 2002 No. 115-FZ (last amended on July 29, 2017).
You can also read more about this in the material about.
Documentary side of employment of citizens of Uzbekistan
For an employer, step-by-step instructions for hiring an Uzbek include the following points:
- registration with the Main Directorate for Migration Affairs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs as an employer of foreigners;
- checking the migrant’s documents determining his status, citizenship and regime of stay in the country;
- registration of an employee, registering him on his territory;
- notification of this to the migration service;
- payment of taxes on migrant income;
- dismissal of an employee when the patent expires, and reporting this fact to the Main Directorate for Migration Affairs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
To be employed, an Uzbek citizen must have the following documents:
- certificate of registration in the Russian Federation;
- international passport (photocopy);
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- identification number (TIN);
- voluntary health insurance policy (VHI).
For information on the complete list of papers that need to be collected, read the publication about.
More about the labor patent
The procedure for obtaining a work patent for citizens of Uzbekistan involves going through several stages. First of all, you need to register with the migration authorities in the region where the migrant is going to work, undergo a medical examination, acquire a voluntary health insurance policy and pay for a patent (the cost of payment varies in different regions of the Russian Federation). In addition, since 2015, according to the Federal Law “On the Legal Status of Foreign Citizens in the Russian Federation,” residents of other countries who want to earn money in Russia pass mandatory tests confirming their proficiency in the Russian language, as well as knowledge of the laws and history of the country.
After completing these procedures, the future employee has a whole folder of official papers in his hands, with which he applies to the territorial body of the Main Directorate of Migration of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation (formerly the Federal Migration Service) or to the nearest multifunctional center for the provision of public services.
Find out more about the design.
Specifics of concluding an employment contract
An employer can employ a migrant or work with him in a simplified manner. In both cases, it is mandatory to sign an employment contract. The authority that issued the patent must be notified of the beginning and end of validity of this document. Important points to remember when concluding a contract:
- compiled in Russian, can be duplicated in Uzbek, but this is not an obligation for the employer;
- concluded only with adults;
- Particular attention is paid to the accuracy of writing data - first name, last name, numbers of all certificates.
Find out more about the nuances of filling.
Applying for a work permit
A labor patent is purchased at the department of the Main Department of Migration Affairs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs at the residence address of a citizen of Uzbekistan. To do this, you must have a migration card and register. After obtaining a permit, an employer registered with the Main Department of Migration Affairs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs has the right to hire a citizen of Uzbekistan for an open vacancy.
The relationship is governed by an employment contract. Its validity period must not exceed the date of termination of the patent. The employer is obliged to notify the Migration Department about accepting a foreigner for a vacancy, further, pay wage taxes to the treasury, and fulfill the conditions contained in the contract or contract.
Obtaining a labor patent
One of the conditions for working for citizens of Uzbekistan in Russia is knowledge of the language at a level sufficient for communication and performance of duties. This must be confirmed by a certificate issued based on the results of the exams. In addition to speaking Russian, to obtain a work permit, a foreigner must pass tests on knowledge of Russian laws and the history of the Russian Federation. Those who received their education in the USSR or constituent entities of the Federation are exempt from the exam.
Before purchasing a patent, you must undergo a voluntary fingerprinting procedure. It is important to understand that the document is issued for a specific specialty and address. It is illegal to use it in another region. A fee is charged for issuing a permit, the amount of which depends on the locality in which the registration takes place.
How to renew
The patent has a fixed validity period. The document is provided for 1-12 months. If the expiration date has reached, the patent can be renewed. But the total period of legal force should not exceed one year. After the termination of the patent, the employer is obliged to dismiss the foreigner and notify the migration department about this.
We also read: Life in Uzbekistan Do Russians need a visa to Uzbekistan?
Required documents
To obtain a patent, a citizen of Uzbekistan submits the following papers to the Ministry of Internal Affairs:
- international passport;
- migration card and registration sheet;
- SNILS;
- taxpayer identification code;
- a certificate of knowledge of language and fundamentals of law or a document on education received in the Russian Federation or the USSR;
- certificate of absence of HIV, other viral diseases, drug and alcohol addiction;
- health insurance policy.
All documents must have a translation into Russian.
What kind of work is offered to labor migrants from Uzbekistan and where?
Today, the list of jobs for citizens from this southern country has expanded significantly. To the stereotypical vacancies of a taxi driver, handyman and housekeeper, the positions of a manager, consultant and catering worker with knowledge of Uzbek are added.
An analysis of employment sites shows that the demand for specialists of various profiles at construction sites (painters, sanders, etc.), automotive enterprises (driver, mechanic) and in the service sector (cleaner, housekeeper, seamstress) remains traditionally high. The question of where to find Uzbek workers for the position of cook or waiter is asked by the owners of cafes and restaurants. Young mothers also willingly hire women from Uzbekistan as nannies for their babies. Competent, communicative specialists can apply for the position of lending manager in a bank or salesperson in a mobile phone store. The only problem can be working for citizens of Uzbekistan without a patent.
Geographically, Uzbek migrants are located mainly in the “capitals” (Moscow and St. Petersburg), however, like citizens of other countries, in the hope of working at a higher rate. A large number of Uzbeks also live and work in the Tyumen, Novosibirsk, Samara, Sverdlovsk regions, as well as in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug.
Professions in demand in Russia
Domestic employers are interested in qualified personnel, and this requirement also applies to job applicants arriving from Uzbekistan. If ten years ago people from this background could only count on “positions” in the segment of unskilled labor (cleaners, laborers, landscapers, and so on), now the situation has changed. Employers began to actively offer the following vacancies in Russia for citizens of Uzbekistan:
- bartender;
- cook;
- consultant;
- manager.
But the demand for experienced drivers, mechanics, seamstresses and housekeepers in domestic cities is still great, so migrants from Central Asia will not be left without work.
Tax amount
The income of foreign citizens, like local employees, is subject to mandatory taxes.
Read more about.
The amount of payments depends on the category of registration (residence permit, temporary residence permit or only a migration card), as well as on the status of the employee and his salary (for example, income tax is not charged on income with a salary of more than 1 million rubles per year).
Insurance premiums paid by foreigners from Uzbekistan are calculated at the following rates:
- to the Pension Fund - 22% for all categories;
- to the Social Insurance Fund - 2.9% (for all categories of foreigners); 1.8% (if there is no residence permit or temporary residence permit, and the contract is concluded for more than 6 months);
- to the Health Insurance Fund - 5.1% (with the exception of temporarily staying citizens, as well as specialists of the highest categories).
You can read more about the tax rate here:.
What to do when your patent has expired
According to Russian legislation, it is impossible to register workers who do not have a permit; for citizens of Uzbekistan, this is a labor patent.
If it expires, the employer has two options:
- suspend the employee for a month until the documents are renewed;
- invite the employee to resign of his own free will.
It should be remembered that the responsibility of an individual who hired an Uzbek and, at the end of the contract/patent, dismissed the employee from work, is to notify the authorities of the Main Directorate for Migration of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation.
Read in more detail all the nuances.
average salary
In Moscow and the surrounding region, where pay is slightly higher than the national average, such job offers can be noted. For women, employment as a housekeeper under a contract of employment may be a good option.
The most in demand are women aged 30-36 years, possible without education, but preferably with experience in such activities. Possible working hours: daily or with 1-2 days off. Responsibilities usually include laundry, cleaning, and cooking. The average payment is 42-46 thousand rubles.
Another popular way to earn money is as a caregiver (in addition to caring for an elderly or sick person). Salaries, as a rule, are set starting from 16-18 thousand rubles, depending on the list of responsibilities. Knowledge of medical procedures preferred.
There are often vacancies for company car drivers for men.
The most in demand are persons aged 25-45 years with driving experience and having a category B driver's license.
Most often, such a need arises to service large stores and warehouses. Salary can be up to 75 thousand rubles. There is a constant need for men with repair and construction specialties. In this case, you can even organize a mini-brigade.
Why is employment in Russia important for Uzbek citizens?
Questions about why Uzbeks go to Russia to work have been discussed more than once at the diplomatic level and in the press of both countries. The main advantages of earning money in the Russian Federation are the high level of salaries and a large number of jobs (compared to Uzbekistan), as well as the opportunity to cross the border without a visa. Over the past couple of years, these benefits have somewhat faded due to problems in the domestic economy and changes in legislative norms in migration law. Domestic problems remain relevant, mainly with housing, as well as illegal employment, because it is easier and cheaper for an entrepreneur or simply a dacha owner to “hire Uzbeks for work” and not have to fill out the necessary documents. As a result, fines, problems with the law, failure to fulfill obligations (non-payment of money). However, even these risks do not stop Uzbek citizens, and they travel en masse to Russia in search of a better life for themselves and their loved ones.
