RVP for citizens of Ukraine 2021 in a simplified manner

Ukrainians have willingly moved and settled in Crimea before. Now, some time after the Republic of Crimea joined Russia, the demand for a coastal place of residence has grown even more: the number of people wishing to move to a new subject of the Federation is growing steadily. One of the new ways of legalization for them is obtaining a residence permit. RVP in Crimea for residents of Ukraine in 2021 is provided on a general basis, unless they belong to a preferential category. Who will receive a permit in 2021 and what are the features? We will tell you about all this in order.

RVP: general information

Temporary residence permit, according to Art. 2 of the Federal Law “On the Legal Status of Foreigners in the Russian Federation” dated July 25, 2002 No. 115-FZ (hereinafter referred to as Federal Law No. 115), is the right of a citizen of a foreign state to reside in Russia, confirmed by a stamp in his international passport or other equivalent document. But the right to residence is far from the only thing this status provides; its holders can move freely throughout the territory of the Russian Federation without temporary restrictions, get a job and enjoy other rights, which we will discuss later.

Of course, temporary residence permit is not the only legal status on the basis of which they can stay in Russia, however, in general cases, it is from this that legal permanent residence begins. Thus, without a residence permit, Ukrainians can stay in Russia for no longer than 90 days within six months. The temporary residence permit extends this period to 3 years, providing the right to deeper legalization - registration of a residence permit, and subsequently obtaining a Russian passport.

What should a Ukrainian applying for a temporary residence permit know?

A residence permit under a quota is granted to a foreigner if he complies with the main condition - he does not violate the rules of stay in the Russian Federation. For example, FMS employees can check the fact of residence of a visitor at the registration address or find out that this is only a formality. The law does not provide for the possibility of appealing a refusal of a temporary residence permit in court.

If a foreigner stays in Russia for more than 90 days without having the specified status, he will have to leave the country; the visitor will be able to return only after 180 days.

Such measures are being taken to limit the flow of migrants into the Russian Federation who come to Moscow without a specific purpose and do not want to find a job or obtain a temporary residence permit or citizenship.

Ukrainians in Russia should decide on their future status: refugee, temporary residence or temporary residence permit (and in the future – residence permit and citizenship). If you choose the latter option, you need to come to the FMS with the appropriate set of papers. They are considered by the territorial departments of the migration service at the place of residence of the visitor, however, filing an application is also possible online, through the State Services website.

A temporary residence permit is usually a mark in a foreigner’s passport. It cannot be extended. The next stage of legalization in Russia is obtaining a residence permit.

Quota principle for issuing temporary residence permits to Ukrainians in Crimea

In accordance with Art. 6.1 of Federal Law No. 115, temporary residence permits are issued to foreigners, including Ukrainians, within the limits of quotas formed by the government. Quotas for temporary residence permits for citizens of Ukraine for 2021 in Crimea are determined by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 22, 2017 No. 2581-r. According to the regulatory act, for the current year 2021, the Government of the Republic of Crimea has requested 1.5 thousand temporary residence permits, plus another 300 quotas separately for the city of Sevastopol, a total of 1.8 thousand quotas for the entire subject of the Federation.

Such figures have a basis: each region requests them independently based on migration policy, employment situation, the region’s need for foreigners and the overall economic situation.

Not only Ukrainians, but also all other foreigners who wish to live and work on the peninsula can take advantage of the temporary residence permit. Considering this, as well as the relatively small volume of quotas, it is necessary to apply for a permit as early as possible, preferably at the beginning of the year. According to information available on the Internet, at the time of preparation of the material, Crimean quotas for 2021 were exhausted.

Non-quota principle of registration of temporary residence permits for Ukrainians

However, the absence of quotas does not always mean that a residence permit cannot be obtained. If Ukrainians fall into one of the categories specified in paragraph 3 of Art. 6 Federal Law No. 115, they can receive a temporary residence permit on a non-quota basis, regardless of whether they are exhausted at the time of filing the application.

Thus, Ukrainians can apply for a temporary residence permit without receiving quotas if they are:

• spouses of Russian citizens permanently residing on its territory;
• persons born in Soviet Russia and who had Soviet citizenship;
• children of disabled Russians or disabled parents of capable Russians or parents of Russians recognized by the court as incompetent;
• investors who have invested in the economy (at the moment the specific amount of investment is not established by law);
• persons who entered contract military service;
• persons with a Russian child;
• participants in the program for the resettlement of compatriots (this basis does not apply on the territory of Crimea, since the peninsula does not participate in the state program).

Where to go to apply for a temporary residence permit

Temporary asylum, temporary residence permit, residence permit and status of a citizen of the Russian Federation can be obtained not only at the migration center of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, but also by contacting the multifunctional center for the provision of public services. The Multifunctional Civil Services Center, popularly known as the MFC, is a unique institution that allows you to receive a number of government services, draw up a certain document or submit an application in a short time. Thanks to the emergence of these organizations, it has also become easier for residents of other countries to complete various documentation.

In order to get help at the MFC, you need to make an appointment in advance or visit the department yourself, joining the queue in the general order. Pre-registration can be made online or by phone.

It should be understood that all certificates and documents are issued by the migration service and contacting it directly will speed up the process.

List of documents

TRP (Temporary Residence Permit), today is available to every refugee from the DPR and LPR, all that is necessary is to contact the Migration Service of the Russian Federation and provide the following documentation to the department:

1. It is necessary to fill out a form to obtain a temporary residence permit;
2. Make a copy of the migration card and registration;
3. Prepare copies of all pages of temporary shelter and a certificate of participation in the state program (no need to certify);
4. Pass a medical examination;
5. Pay the state fee in the amount of 1600 rubles;

After all the documentation has been prepared, you can visit a local inspector at the migration department to issue a temporary residence permit.

We pass the medical examination

A medical examination for migrants is mandatory if the arriving person wants to obtain a temporary residence permit or citizenship. It includes examination by the following doctors:

• Therapist.
• Physiotherapist.
• Dermatologist.
• Psychiatrist.
• Expert in narcology.

Apply for a mono certificate to any medical institution. It will also be necessary to undergo a full range of tests, which will be determined by specialists, in order to fill out a form for the migrant to undergo a medical examination.

Russian language exams

The exam includes several types of testing:

• Russian language: reading, writing, grammar, speaking, listening;
• Russian history;
• Fundamentals of legislation of the Russian Federation.

Quite a lot of trial testing options can be found on the Internet and you can prepare in advance for passing this simple exam.

Procedure for obtaining a temporary residence permit for citizens of Ukraine

Let’s try to figure out in more detail how a Ukrainian citizen can obtain a temporary residence permit in Crimea in 2021. The procedure for obtaining a permit is set out in detail and step-by-step in the Administrative Regulations (approved by Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs dated November 21, 2017 No. 891), but this does not mean that everything will go without problems. All applicants are subject to thorough checks by the migration authorities, and if they have any suspicions, the check conditions will be tightened.

In any case, the procedure for a Ukrainian wishing to obtain temporary residence in the Russian Federation, in accordance with paragraphs 81-82 of the Administrative Regulations, will be as follows:

1. Submitting an application and documents – there are several options for submitting an application depending on the location of the foreigner, which we will discuss below.
2. Reception and registration of the application - a migration service employee checks the correctness of filling out the form, the completeness of the submitted documents, the presence of grounds for refusing to accept the package, and so on. If documents are accepted, a mark to this effect is placed on the Ukrainian’s migration card.
3. Consideration of the application and sending requests to the competent migration authorities of the Republic of Crimea - local migration authorities check the submitted documents, including identifying forged documents or false information, send requests to the FSB, FSSP, tax and border authorities, and carry out other mandatory actions.
4. Decision-making - based on the results of the inspection, the head of the territorial migration authority at the regional level (head of the regional Migration Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs) makes a decision on issuing a temporary residence permit or refusing to issue it.
5. Sending a notification to the applicant - notification of the decision is sent to the applicant by mail to the address specified in the application no later than the next day. At the same time, a message about the decision made is sent to the territorial division of the migration authority at the address of the applicant’s future residence.
6. Registration of a permit - the notification received by the Ukrainian will subsequently indicate the terms, time, address and contacts of the migration department, where, if the decision is positive, he can obtain a residence permit in the territory of Crimea.

Application and package of documents

The main document that a Ukrainian must send to obtain a residence permit is an application in the prescribed form. A copy of it can be obtained at the place of submission or printed from the Internet. A sample of how to fill it out can be found here.

In addition to the application, you will need a package of documents, in accordance with clauses 30-30.4 of the Administrative Regulations, including:

• copy of the international passport;
• standard photo cards “for documents” 35 by 45 mm – 2 pcs.;
• medical certificates confirming the foreigner’s absence of dangerous infections, including a certificate of absence of HIV, as well as drug addiction (can be submitted within 30 days after submitting documents - a rule for those who arrived in Russia on a visa-free basis);
• certificates of knowledge of the Russian language at a sufficient level, knowledge of the peculiarities of history and the fundamentals of legislation.

Among other things, if a Ukrainian claims the non-quota principle of issuing a temporary residence permit, he will have to document the existence of grounds for this, for example, a marriage certificate with a Russian and his passport, a birth certificate in the RSFSR, and so on..

Where can I apply for a temporary residence permit?

In accordance with Art. 6 Federal Law No. 115, there are two options for submitting documents to obtain a temporary residence permit in the Republic of Crimea:

• if located on the territory of Ukraine - through the diplomatic mission of Russia in the country. The requirements of each diplomatic mission on the territory of Ukraine may differ. However, they all require you to make an appointment before submitting documents. For example, here you can find information for the Consulate General in Kharkov;
• if you are in Crimea - to one of the territorial divisions of the Main Directorate for Migration Issues of the Ministry of Internal Affairs operating on the territory of the peninsula. Contact details, addresses and reception schedules for territorial units can be found on the website of the Department of Internal Affairs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs for the Republic of Crimea (at the end of the page).

In case of direct application to the migration authorities on the territory of Crimea, according to clause 84 of the Administrative Regulations, reception of citizens of Ukraine is carried out by appointment.

You can make an appointment:

• by phone;
• in the territorial department of the Department of Internal Affairs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs for the Republic of Crimea - through the electronic queue terminal;
• through the department's online service.

We propose to dwell on the latter in more detail.

Online registration for an appointment at the Main Department of Migration Affairs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs

Thus, the submission of documents for a temporary residence permit must be carried out by prior approval of the reception.

Such coordination is carried out:

• by using the online registration service on the website of the Main Department of Migration Affairs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Here you need to select the desired regional migration authority, indicate the type of service desired, the type of operation, select a specific unit, as well as a free date in the appointment schedule;
• using the State Services website - in this case it is necessary to pre-register in the ESIA identification system.

We draw the attention of readers that appointments are often closed. This may be due either to technical problems with the service, or to the peculiarities of the site itself and visits to it after hours. If a similar problem arises during business hours, we recommend that you contact the territorial unit in person.

Based on the results of the online registration, a letter will be sent to the applicant’s email, which will indicate the date and time of visiting the service, as well as the address and specific office.

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Processing times and costs

Let's start with expenses. Thus, even before submitting documents, the applicant will have to spend money on obtaining certificates, photographs, and preparing other required documents. Among the mandatory payments is only a state fee, which must be paid before submitting documents. The amount of state duty, according to paragraphs. 22 clause 1 art. 333.28, is 1600 rubles. It is not necessary to attach a receipt confirming its payment to the documents (although it is not prohibited): officials must verify the payment themselves.

As for the deadlines, they are determined by paragraphs 23-26 of the Administrative Regulations. An application for a temporary residence permit in Crimea submitted by a Ukrainian citizen through a diplomatic mission should be considered no more than six months; an application submitted on the territory of Crimea is considered within 60 days. If necessary, the head of the territorial migration authority can extend this period exactly as long as necessary.

Features of obtaining and the process of acquiring a temporary residence permit for citizens of Ukraine

On the procedure for considering appeals from citizens of the Russian Federation

Ukrainians, along with all migrants, are required to obtain a temporary residence permit, and the times when they could be accepted into the country without a quota are, unfortunately, over. This means that, according to the new rules, in order to obtain this status they are required to provide the migration service with the following documents required for their registration as temporary residents:

• A petition drawn up in accordance with the form established at the state level, on an official form, which can be downloaded here. The paper must be filled out in 2 copies; errors and blots during registration are unacceptable.
• 2 photos with dimensions 30x40 mm in good quality.
• All available documents proving the identity of the applicant, first of all, a general passport of a foreigner.
• A migration card received on an airplane, train or at the border with the Russian Federation, if the Ukrainian arrived in a personal car.

Application for temporary residence permit

• A canceled receipt for payment of the fee for registration of a temporary residence permit for citizens of Ukraine.
• A set of certificates from various medical institutions certifying that the migrant does not have any infectious diseases dangerous to the population, HIV, drug addiction or mental disorders. Moreover, the age of these documents should not exceed 1 month at the time of submission to the Federal Migration Service.
• The result of passing a qualifying exam in the national language of the Russian Federation, as well as the history and law of our state.

Important! Submitted documents are registered by department employees and reviewed within 2 months. Based on the analysis of the papers, the service renders a verdict, and the migrant is called again to carry out the fingerprinting procedure, after which he is given a temporary residence permit document.

How can Ukrainians apply for a temporary residence permit?

If a positive answer is received, the applicant must come to the specified unit of the Department of Internal Affairs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs to obtain a temporary residence permit.

The procedure for obtaining it is stipulated by the provisions of paragraphs 147-169 of the Administrative Regulations, according to which a specially appointed employee of the migration authority puts a special mark in the applicant’s Ukrainian foreign passport (and in its absence, in the internal passport).

It is performed using a special printer or stamp and ink.

The information in this mark should show:

• personal data of the holder of the temporary residence permit in Cyrillic and Latin letters;
• gender, citizenship, date and place of birth of the applicant;
• the date of the decision to issue a temporary residence permit and an indication of the body that adopted it;
• validity and expiration date of the residence permit.

According to clause 152 of the Administrative Regulations, the maximum period for obtaining a new permit (stamping a foreign passport or other document) should not exceed ten days. This is a general period and applies to all foreigners without exception.

How to obtain a temporary residence permit for a citizen of Ukraine - registration algorithm with and without a quota

To obtain a temporary residence permit for a citizen of Ukraine (temporary residence permit), you must contact any of the territorial bodies of the Main Directorate for Migration Issues of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia (formerly the FMS).

In this publication, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the detailed algorithm for registration and features of obtaining a temporary residence permit on the territory of the Russian Federation for citizens of Ukraine.

RVP can be of two types:

• a mark in the citizen’s identity document (foreign passport);
• a separate document (in the absence of citizenship).

An important point is that temporary residence permits for citizens of Ukraine are issued according to quotas established for each region of the Russian Federation annually.

It is possible to obtain a temporary residence permit without a quota, but only in certain situations established by migration legislation.

To apply for a temporary residence permit for citizens of Ukraine, you must contact representatives of the territorial body of the Main Directorate for Migration Issues of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia and provide the following package of documents: The period for consideration of the submitted documents by the authorized body of the Main Directorate for Migration Issues of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia is sixty working days from the date of submission. After receiving a positive decision on issuing a temporary residence permit to a citizen of Ukraine, the applicant must undergo fingerprint registration.

Please note that the opportunity to get a job without additional permission is only possible in the territory of the subject where the temporary residence permit was received. At the end of the calendar year, the owner of the temporary residence permit has the right to obtain a residence permit. The following categories of applicants can obtain the opportunity to obtain a temporary residence permit for a citizen of Ukraine without quotas: To speed up the receipt of a temporary residence permit for citizens of Ukraine, we recommend that you first familiarize yourself with the contents of the application, which should be filled out in two copies.

Firstly, the application must contain a motivational part, in which it is necessary to indicate the main goals of obtaining a temporary residence permit, for example, the subsequent acquisition of Russian citizenship. And secondly, the application for a temporary residence permit indicates the personal data of the applicant: a temporary residence permit for citizens of Ukraine looks like a mark that is affixed to the applicant’s identity document (for example, in a foreign passport).

The appearance of the mark is the phrase “Temporary residence allowed” written in large letters. In the RVP, the size of which is 100x75mm, the following data is supposed to be indicated in turn:

• Applicant's name and gender
• Citizenship
• Number and date of issue of temporary residence permit
• Validity period of the temporary residence permit
• Full name of the territorial body of the Federal Migration Service that issued this document

To simplify the submission of a package of documents for registration of a temporary residence permit to a citizen of Ukraine, you can use the services of the Unified Public Services Portal.

This is interesting: Head of the Federal Migration Service of St. Petersburg 2021

RVP expiration date

According to Art. 6 Federal Law No. 115, the temporary residence permit will be valid for 3 years from the date of its registration. But a permit for such a period is issued only once - it is impossible to extend it or in any way issue a new one; the law does not provide for this mechanism. Thus, if at the end of the three-year period the Ukrainian does not acquire other legal grounds for stay or permanent residence in Russia, he will be obliged to leave the territory of Crimea and the Russian Federation as a whole, even if he lives in his own apartment or in the apartment of his spouse / other family member or a relative.

But this will not happen if the Ukrainian exercises his right and, while the residence permit is valid, issues a residence permit. According to Art. 8 Federal Law No. 115, he can do this after the expiration of 1 year of ownership of the temporary residence permit and no later than six months before the end of its validity. This will give him the right to permanently reside in Crimea and in Russia in general for at least the next 5 years with the possibility of an unlimited number of residence permit extensions. Moreover, further legalization in Crimea allows a Ukrainian to obtain Russian citizenship.

What is RVP

A temporary residence permit is a document issued once to each citizen of a foreign state who decides to stay in the Russian Federation. The permit is active for 3 years after issuance and is intended as the right to temporarily stay and conduct work and life in the territory that has received the migrant.

RWP document

Important! After the expiration date, it is impossible to renew the document, and the visitor must either return to his native lands or begin submitting documents for a residence permit - the next, more privileged stage of acquiring citizenship of the Russian Federation.

A person who has received the status of a temporary residence permit has the following advantages over illegal immigrants:

• The right to stay and work in the Russian Federation for a period of up to 3 years. In fact, any migrant arriving in the country fills out a special form when crossing the border - a migrant card, which is valid for 3 months, or, if he requires a visa, then for the period of its validity. However, neither a migration card nor a regular visa gives the right to work.
• Having a temporary residence permit document in his pocket, a foreigner can freely use social services of the state, such as free medical care and education.
• At the same time, he is not obliged to serve in the army, since this is the direct responsibility of citizens of the Russian Federation, and not foreign nationals.
• A migrant has the opportunity to become the owner of a Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN) in Russia, which is required to use some government services.
• A person living in our country in this status has the opportunity to establish an office or individual entrepreneur.
• Over the course of 3 years of validity of a temporary residence permit, a visitor receives additional privileges for visa-free crossing of the border with the Russian Federation countless times.

Obtaining a temporary residence permit is quite simple, you just need to register at your place of residence and collect the documents required by the Federal Migration Service and, if a foreigner falls under the quota, he becomes a temporary resident of the Russian Federation. However, in our country there are also preferential conditions for acquiring a document for any native resident of Ukraine who can obtain a temporary residence permit in a simplified manner.

Ukrainian passport

Checking the status of the temporary residence permit

After a Ukrainian has submitted documents for temporary residence, he has full access to up-to-date information regarding the progress of his case, which will not be difficult to obtain.

You can use one of the options or a combination of them:

• a telephone call to the territorial migration authority to which the documents were submitted;
• sending a written application to such territorial body indicating the date of submission of documents, personal data and passport details of the applicant;
• personal application to such a territorial body and presentation of a foreign passport (or other equivalent document);
• by sending an electronic request to the official website of the Main Directorate for Migration Affairs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

To receive information in electronic form, you must indicate the regional authority of the Department of Migration that is considering the application, the applicant’s date of birth and the number of his identity document. After entering the captcha and generating the request, the system will provide the information available in the database in a matter of seconds.

Contents of the permit application

In an application for a temporary residence permit in the country, several fields must be filled in:

1. The reasons why the applicant applies to the Federal Migration Service (usually to obtain citizenship);
2. Applicant information. It is important to reflect the following key points in the document: proposed activity, full name, date and place of birth, citizenship, gender of the applicant, details of his identity card, residence address and contact telephone number, information about education and specialty according to the document, marital status and information about close relatives;
3. Data on administrative or criminal offenses committed;
4. Information about existing infectious diseases;
5. Warning about liability for providing false information;
6. Notes from the FMS specialist who received the application.

Rights and obligations of temporary residence permit holders

As soon as a citizen of Ukraine receives a temporary residence permit, the list of his responsibilities to Russia increases significantly. The list of rights is also expanding significantly, since RVP is, in fact, the primary form of legal connection between Russia and Ukrainians.

To understand the full responsibility of a foreigner with a temporary residence permit, let’s start with his responsibilities, which include:

1. Registration at the place of residence - within a week after marking the temporary residence permit, a foreigner is required to register with the migration authorities at the address where he plans to permanently reside. If at the time of receiving the permit he does not yet have such a place, he must register for migration at the address of his temporary location - he is also given 7 days for this. The sanction for violation is a fine of up to 5,000 rubles (7,000 for Moscow) with further expulsion and cancellation of the temporary residence permit.
2. Confirmation of residence and employment - annually a foreigner must confirm the fact of his residence by sending a notification to the migration authorities within 2 months after the expiration of each such year. In parallel, the availability of sufficient income and the legitimacy of the sources of its receipt must be confirmed. The penalty for violating this rule is a fine and expulsion.
3. Residence and work within the region - the owner of a temporary residence permit has the right to reside and work exclusively within the region where he received such permission; an unauthorized change of place of residence is unacceptable, including within the region, however, this issue can be agreed upon and sanctioned by migration service employees.
4. Law-abiding - bringing to criminal liability for certain types of crimes, a number of administrative penalties, creating threats to national and public security and a number of other offenses will inevitably lead to the cancellation of status.
5. Actual presence in Russia - the law allows you to cancel your status in case of actual absence from the territory of the Russian Federation for more than 6 months. By the way, this is just one of many grounds for canceling the right to temporary residence. We will discuss them in more detail below.

As for the rights that a temporary residence permit gives a Ukrainian, in many ways they are equal to the rights of Russian citizens. Thus, in addition to the basic rights and freedoms that foreigners can enjoy in the Russian Federation, Ukrainians temporarily residing in Crimea have:

• the right to freedom of movement throughout the territory of Russia throughout the validity period of the permit;
• the right to cross the border (for this, a special visa for a temporary resident is used, which is issued together with a temporary residence permit) and stay outside the Russian Federation for six months;
• the right to use the state healthcare and education system, compulsory health insurance, social assistance and welfare system;
• the right to employment, which we propose to dwell on in more detail.

Right to employment for Ukrainians in Crimea

Ukrainians, being foreigners who can arrive in Russia visa-free, even without obtaining a temporary residence permit, have employment privileges. According to Art. 13.3 of Federal Law No. 115, for employment they can apply for a patent in Crimea. However, if they manage to obtain Crimean temporary residence, they will not need a patent: according to paragraphs. 1 clause 4 art. 13 Federal Law No. 115, they can be hired only on the basis of a stamp in the passport about the temporary residence permit. But there are some restrictions - the right to work applies only to the territory of Crimea, work in other regions is prohibited.

However, the law provides for a number of exceptions to this rule:

1. Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development No. 564n dated July 28, 2010 established a list of professions in which, while working, a Ukrainian with a temporary residence permit can work outside the region of residence, for example, workers and road workers, bulldozer driver, mechanic, conductor, foreman and about 180 other professions .
2. Employment in another region is grounds for obtaining permission to move to another region, even if the planned activity is not included in a number of exceptions.

Cancellation of temporary residence permits for Ukrainians

For Ukrainian citizens, the law is no less strict for them than for other foreigners with a temporary residence permit. Therefore, they are also subject to the grounds for cancellation of temporary residence provided for in Art. 7 Federal Law No. 115.

The reasons why a Ukrainian may be deprived of the right to temporarily reside in Crimea include:

• calls for a violent change of government, the overthrow of the constitutional order, and the creation of threats to national security;
• financing or other forms of participation in terrorist activities;
• expulsion from the country, prosecution for serious and especially serious crimes, commission of offenses related to drug trafficking, presence of an outstanding criminal record for these crimes in Ukraine;
• leaving Russia and not returning within six months, including in the case of leaving Russia for permanent residence in another country;
• lack of employment for 6 months throughout the year or lack of legal income or means to support a family, and so on.